Eggs are laid onto the host approximately 24 hours later, with clutch size ranging up to 18 eggs and positively correlated with host size approx. Realtime mass spectrometry shows that the spiroacetal is released by goniozus nephantidis females during dyadic resource contests, with release more common during more aggressive interactions. Regional training workshop on mass production of beneficial insects and nematodes 15 19 may 2017. Studies were conducted on the biology of the recently described goniozus sensorius gordh hymenoptera. Contest outcomes are influenced by asymmetries in resource value and body size and are generally common sense.
This paper provides a more complete appraisal of the sizefitness relationship in the bethylid waspgoniozus nephantidisby investigating the influences of female size and ownershipstatus on the outcome of ownerintruder contests for paralysed hosts. This leads to the prediction that brood sex ratios should be highly femalebiased and have. Download pdf introduction in members of the hymenoptera that reproduce sexually, unfertilized eggs develop as haploid males, and fertilized eggs develop as diploids that are typically females. Evaluation of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck a larval parasitoid in the field against coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella walker in karnataka. Goniozus nephantidis contest outcomes also appear to be influenced by rv asymmetries associated with contestant age and host size.
The rice moth is one of the alternate hosts for mass production of egg and larval parasitoids of the hymenopteran families including bethylidae, braconidae, platygastridae, and trichogrammatidae parra 1997, nathan et al. Even in ancient civilizations, names were assigned to organisms. Parasitoids in the bethylid genus goniozus are sub. Biological suppression of coconut black headed caterpillar. In 2007, outbreak of coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella walker was occurred in prachuap khiri khan province upper southern part of thailand which is major. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of genetic variation between goniozus. Pdf competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis. Hardy, volatile chemical release by bethylid wasps. This leads to the prediction that brood sex ratios should be highly femalebiased and have low variance.
Laboratory experiment entitled parasitization potential of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck on corcyra cephalonica stainton reared on different rearing media under laboratory condition was under taken. This method, however, has also been criticized due to the effect on. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the. Abstract kinship among interacting individuals is often associated with sociality and also with sex ratio effects.
The quality of paralyzed hosts declines with time since paralysis negatively influences lifehistory characteristics of goniozus nephantidis. Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar 43 been suggested that these fronds should be cut down and burnt hutson, 1922. Goniozus nephantidis is the most widely used parasitoid of opisina arenosella. Production of goniozus severely hampered at 350c 46. Two larval parasitoid wasps goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon brevicornis wesmael braconidae, are widely employed, either singly or in combination. Using ownerintruder contests and ownerowner contests between females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis, we. Singlelocus complementary sex determination absent in. We use laboratory microcosms to assess the prevalence and consequences of mutual interference behaviour in a bethylid wasp, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck hymenoptera. Bethylidae, a gregarious ectoparasitoid of diaphania indica saunders lepidoptera. Bethylinae and epyrinae cephalonomiini and sclerodermini hymenoptera. Larval parasitoid goniozus nephantidis was mass multiplied in the laboratory for conducting the experiments. It is a sturdy gregarious larval or prepupal ectoparasitoid.
Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, opisina. Multifoundress groups were either all siblings or all nonsiblings. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut. An outbreak of blackheaded caterpillar was observed. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator opisina arenosella. The most often cited parasitoids belong to the genera goniozus hym bethylidae. Pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests and its biosafety to nontarget organisms. Thailand imported goniozus nephantidis from sri lanka. Two larval parasitoid wasps goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon. In the present study, twelve primer pairs were designed for the south asian, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck hymenoptera. Direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the coconut defoliator.
Krombein introduction the bethylidae are primitive, relatively small usually 110 mm long wasps that primarily parasitize lepidopterous or coleopterous larvae. Two larval parasitoid wasps, goniozus nephantidis muesebeck bethylidae and bracon brevicornis wesmael braconidae, which parasitize third to seventh instar larvae of o. Molecular genetic markers reveal differences between genotypes according to the presence of alleles the same or different at target loci. As a serious defoliator of the coconut trees in india, srilanka, bangladesh and myanmar, the blackheaded caterpillar pest of coconut, opisina arenosella walker nephantis serinopa meyrick, has attracted the attention of agricultural scientists right from the beginning of the present century. Perera, coconut research institute, lunuwila, sri lanka m. Brood sex ratio variance, developmental mortality and virginity in a. Parasitization potential of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck. We used the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis to investigate the effect of offspring developmental stage on. Goniozus legneri shows weak, and thus only partial, respect for role asymmetries.
Biology and biological control potential of bethylid wasps. Development of an optimum diet for mass rearing of the rice. Females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis paralyse host caterpillars and lay a clutch of up to 18 eggs onto the host integument. Bethylidae is a gregarious parasitoid of lepidopteran larvae. Biological control is a method of controlling pest such as insects,mites, diseases using other organisms.
Abiotic and biotic factors influence diapause induction in. It was found that the optimum temperature for maximum progeny production was 300c 116. Bethylidae, which is known to brood guard and to engage in agonistic contests for individual hosts and which is also an agent of biological pest control. Crytophasidae is an endemic, frequently outbreaking pest of coconut in india and sri lanka. The host and parasitoid strains were the same as used in the study by goubault et al. Biology of goniozus nephantidis egg female goniozus nephantidis lay eggs on the body of blackheaded caterpillar. Pdf a novel method of field release of goniozus nephantidis. Apanteles taragamae wilkinson and goniozus nephantidis mues. Pdf field evaluation of goniozus nephantidis muesebeck. Blackheaded caterpillar, opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. Pest report of coconut black headed caterpillar in thailand. The doublesex gene integrates multilocus complementary sex determination signals in. Materials and methods pupae of pediobius imbreus collected from the field along with bracon brevicornis cocoons served as nucleus cultures for laboratory.
The majority of species deposit several eggs on a host, but in a few genera, e. Annealing gradient tests 5065c were conducted to study the quality of the pcr amplification across an annealing temperature gradient using a mixed genotype dna template from each. Chemical tagging with deuterium further shows that the volatile is released by the loser of an agonistic interaction and not the winner. The coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella, is a species of moth found in multiple regions throughout east asian countries including bangladesh, india, sri lanka, mayanmar, as well as indonesia. Females of the parasitoid wasp goniozus nephantidis paralyse host caterpillars and lay a clutch of up to 18 eggs onto the. Pdf goniozus nephantidis muesebeck is an important parasitoid of opisina arenosella walker in coconut. The haploid males and diploid females of hymenoptera have all chromosomes in the same proportions. Prospects for the biological control of the groundnut leaf.
Many individual of same species of parasitoid attack a single host at a time. This rules out most familiar sexdetermining mechanisms, which rely on dosage differences at sex. Godfray department of pure and applied biology, imperial college at silwood park, ascot, berkshire, sl5 7py, uk abstract. Biological control is a method of controlling pest such. During other periods, pests andor parasitoids could be maintained on intercrops. Pdf direct and indirect influences of intercrops on the. Cytogenetics and gene flow were studied in microbeassociated parthenogenetic thelytokous forms of three species of the genus trichogramma t. It is considered a pest to these countries, as they infest coconut palm trees, causing considerable damage to the trees, and reducing the plants yield significantly. The mycopathogen had no influence on the composting ability and growth of e.
Village cropping system parasitoids releases bracon hebetor goniozus nephantidis samanthakurru fish pond bunds 30 july 2015 392,000 200,800 thurpulanka fish pond bunds and sole gardens 10 october. Competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis and bracon brevicornis, parasitoids of the coconut pest opisina arenosella. Bethylidae, and 24 for its new world congener, goniozus legneri gordh, parasitoids of the larvae of the lepidopteran coconut pest opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. Goniozus nephantidis appears to be monophagous within the agroecosystem despite having a number of factitious laboratory hosts, see above and elasmus nephantidis, which is recommended for field release against o. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Goniozus nephantidis muesebeck, one of the dominant and effective parasitoids of o. Aspergillus flavus, fusarium semitectum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and c. Females of the bethylid wasp goniozus nephantidis fight for possession of paralysed hosts.
Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf volatile organic compounds in healthy and opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. The female practices maternal care of eggs and larvae. Download pdf 17 mb abstract this thesis presents a series of experiments on the evolutionary ecology of the reproduction, behaviour, chemical and molecular characteristics of bethylid wasps in the genus goniozus. Pdf many entomophagus insects attack the blackheaded caterpillar of coconut, opisina arenosella walker during its developmental stages.
Introduction to the thesis the desire to arrange, organize, describe, name and classify is fundamental in human activity. Cytogenetics of microbeassociated parthenogenesis and its. In the present paper some aspects of the biology of p. The doublesex gene integrates multilocus complementary sex. Encountering competitors reduces clutch size and increases. Relative toxicity, goniozus nephantidis, insecticides, etc introduction the coconut palm, cocos nucifera l. Microsatellite markers are especially useful codominant markers that have been used in a wide range of studies to elucidate the population structure and dynamics of a range of organisms, including agriculturally beneficial insects. The moth is straw to ash gray in color, mediumsized with uniform faded whitish top wings.
It will also feed on the exoparasitoids bracon brevicornis and goniozus nephantidis it has been recorded in this role from kerala. Pdf economics of production of goniozus nephantidis. Empirical tests of sex determination in goniozus nephantidis hymenoptera. A new species of bethylid parasitoid wasp, goniozus omanensis polaszek sp. Oecophoridae infested leaves of coconut palms article pdf. Abiotic and biotic factors influence diapause induction in sexual and asexual strains of trichogramma brassicae hym. Goniozus nephantidis cultures were maintained using the rice moth, corcyra cephalonica stainton lepidoptera. When infestation is very severe and if the biocontrol is not likely to be effective, sprays the undersurface of the fronds with dichlorvos 0. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of. Oecophoridae in the indian subcontinent may occur in november to may each year in the same or adjoining areas of plantations. Competitive interactions between goniozus nephantidis and. Pdf biological control of opisina arenosella walker. Biological suppression of coconut black headed caterpillar opisina arenosella outbreak in east godavari district of andhra pradesheco friendly.
Realtime mass spectrometry shows that the spiroacetal is released by goniozus nephantidis females. Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, opisina arenosella walker lepidoptera. Biological control of the coconut caterpillar opisina. Pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests. Regional training workshop on mass production of beneficial. Arrange for the release of larval pupal parasitoids, goniozus nephantidis, elasmus nephantidis brown species and brachymeria nosatoi. Pdf biological suppression of coconut black headed. On encountering a host, the female stings and paralyses it.
Goniozus nephantidis on larvae of coconut black headed caterpillar bhc super parasitism. Coconut palm cocos nucifera infestation by opisina arenosella lepidoptera. Nov 08, 2015 media in category goniozus the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. Development of microsatellite markers and detection of genetic variation between goniozus wasp populations, journal of insect science, volume 14, issue 1, 2014, 43. Pdf volatile organic compounds in healthy and opisina. Goniozus nephantidis were reared on larvae of corcyra cephalonica stainton lepidoptera. When tested for its safety and effectiveness in controlling opisina arenosella walker, it is found that they are safe to use in thailand. Part one investigates host quality by varying host age after paralysis. The host larvae are parasitized and the parasitoid even feeds on host body fluid. The data of the survey of bhc at three locations is presented in table 1. Our chief expectations included that that competition for resources would be more intense among larger foundress groups but diminished by both larger host size and closer.
Eggs are laid after temporarily paralyzing the host. Such an urge operates at all levels of social organization. Goniozus print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam ubainv0274 046 16 0004. Brood sex ratio variance, developmental mortality and.
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